Friday, January 21, 2011

B. Tech Mini Project - Ultra Sonic Proximity Detector

Ultrasound is cyclic sound pressure with a frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing. Although this limit varies from person to person, it is approximately 20 kilohertz (20,000 hertz) in healthy, young adults and thus, 20 KHz serves as a useful lower limit in describing ultrasound. The production of ultrasound is used in many different fields, typically to penetrate a medium and measure the reflection signature or supply focused energy. The reflection signature can reveal details about the inner structure of the medium, a property also used by animals such as bats for hunting. The most well known application of ultrasound is its use in sonography to produce pictures of fetuses in the human womb. There are a vast number of other applications as well.
Although ultrasound behaves in a similar manner to audible sound, it has a much shorter wavelength. This means it can be reflected off very small surfaces.
Ultrasonic vibrations travel in the form of a wave which is similar to the way light travel. However, unlike light waves, which can travel in a vacuum, ultrasound requires an elastic medium.

Proximity Detector

These are devices that are used to detect the presence of another object using some property such as Doppler Effect, Mutual Capacitance, reflection of signals etc. These devices and its principles are used in parking sensors, burglar alarms, motion sensors, RADAR, SONAR etc.





Download Mini Project Ultrasonic Proximity Detector (PDF 700KB)


Wednesday, January 12, 2011

B. Tech Mini Project Digital Calendar Using AT89C2051

This Project Digital Calendar using Microcontroller is an advanced digital calendar, which displays the Date, Day and Month over the LED display. It has an 8 bit Microcontroller which runs on the Program embedded on its ROM. Separate LED's are provided for the date, day, and month. The system has a battery backup so that it can run over all the time even during the power failure.
Totally there are 31 LED's for indicating the date and 12 LED's for indicating the Month and 7 LED's to indicate the day. All the above systems are controlled by the Microcontroller. In our project we are using the popular 8 bit microcontroller AT89C2051. It is a 20 pin microcontroller.

Monday, January 10, 2011

BTech Mini Project - Collision Avoidance of Trains

From the beginning man has been seeking various ways to make travel
easy. First he used animals as their travelling media. Then he went on to make
vehicles pulled by animals and again vehicles pulled by engines. From there he
progressed to trains and aeroplanes, which travel by air. But train has been a
remarkable invention of man. It made travel easy and cheap. One of the main
problems associated with trains are the collision between them. Unlike other
vehicles, when the trains collide thousands of lives are harmed. This makes it vital
to avoid train collisions.
The project aims at developing a low cost mechanism to avoid collision.
Available mechanism is highly expensive. The system consists of a transmitter and
a receiver section which are interfaced with the microcontroller. This system is
installed in both trains. The system stops the trains if they are travelling in opposite
direction, on the same track simultaneously and are between adjacent stations.
Otherwise it will not interfere with the train’s working. These are all programmed
in the microcontroller. The source and destination stations as well as track number
and station code of last stopped station are entered using key.


Download B.Tech Mini Project Collision Avoidance of Trains (3.3 MB)

Saturday, January 8, 2011

Electronics and Communication Mini Project - Spy Robot

In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in wireless network deployment and mobile
device market penetration. Future wireless networks will likely become an integral part of the
global communication infrastructure. Today when no time can be spent for certain things
manually or by hand, the introduction of robots which could ease the load from our shoulders is
inevitable.

The ‘Spy Robot’ is a mobile device that acts as a motion controlled video camera which can
serve the purpose of a spy, a security guard as well. It is basically a moving platform upon which
a camera is fixed. It can be used to transmit the video signals of areas where human reach is
difficult.






Download Spy Robot Mini Project Complete PDF (266 KB)

Electronics and Communication Mini Project - Mains Power Monitor

Electricity is the lifeblood of our economy, as it provides comfort and makes possible most of
our recreational activities. An electric grid consists of three main subsystems: the generation
source (various power plants); the delivery systems (transmission & distribution networks); and
the demand side, the customer side (domestic, commercial buildings, industrial installations &
others). The electrical grid is unique in the electric supply / demand, and must remain tightly
balanced at all times, since for most of the history of the electric grid there has been no
commercial solution for large scale storage of ac electricity to compensate for any excess or short
fall in power.
To summarise the senario:
Generation: everywhere, from different sources.
Power flows from the sources to everywhere in the grid.
Anyone may participate, in generation distribution and consumption.
Behaviour: Periodic seasonaland daily trends superimposed with chaotic nature.
We live in a very critical and exciting time in the evolution of the electric power industry. A
Smart Grid will help the world manage demand growth, converse energy, maximize asset
utilization, improve grid security and reliability & reduce its carbon footprint.
Customers needs include quality of service and value for money. Grid operators and owners
have to fulfill the customers expectations in cost effective and efficient way. This project has
achieved in realising an equipment that counts mains power interruptions and low supply voltage
instances. Now-a-days the need for mains power monitor is very important. Customers have the
right to ensure about quality of power delivered to them.

 Download Mains Power Monitor PDF (1.1 MB)